学进去

已知，若恒成立，则不正确的是（       ）

A．的单调递增区间为

B．方程可能有三个实数根

C．若函数在处的切线经过原点，则

D．过图象上任何一点，最多可作函数的8条切线

阅读材料，完成下列要求。

祭祀和纪念是古今中外文化的重要载体，经过长期的发展和积累，祭祀和纪念已成为我国的重要文化遗产。

材料一   中国古代国家祭祀体系一般分为大祀、中祀、小祀三个等级，对不同等级官员的祭祀对象、供品、服饰以及乐舞都有严格的规定。正如《礼记·祭统》所言：祭祀的意义就在于“见君臣之义”、“见贵贱之等气”、“见上下之际”。国家祭祀天地、宗庙必须要皇帝主祭，废除郡国祖庙。……自西汉王朝以来，祭孔进入国家祭祀的行列，至唐代成为“国之大祭”，列为国家祭祀要典。唐代开始还将祈雨的祭祀列入郊祭大典。在宋代，王朝政府往往通过赐额或赐号的仪式，把一些影响较大的民间祭祀神抵纳入国家祭祀系统。其它的民间祭祀被视为“淫祀”，而受到严格禁止。

——摘编白邹昌林《中国礼文化》等

材料二   新中国成立以来法律确定的国家级纪念日

纪念日	日期	历史由来	通过时间
抗战胜利纪念日	9月3日	1945年9月2日日本在无条件投降书上签字	2014年2月27日，十二届全国人大常委会第七次会议经表决通过，将9月3日确定为中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日
中国烈士纪念日	9月30日	1949年9月30日是人民英雄纪念碑奠基日	2014年8月31日，十二届全国人大常委会第十次会议经表决，通过了《关于烈士纪念日的决定（草案）》设立烈士纪念日的决定，以法律形式将9月30日设立为中国烈士纪念日，并规定每年9月30日国家举行纪念烈士活动
国家宪法日	12月4日	中国现行宪法在1982年12月4日正式实施	2014年11月1日，十二届全国人大常委会第十一次会议表决通过全国人大常委会关于设立国家宪法日的决定，设立每年12月4日为国家宪法日
国家公祭日	12月13日	1937年12月13日日军攻陷南京	2014年2月27日，十二届全国人大常委会第七次会议经表决通过，将12月13日确定为南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日

——摘编自吴唯佳，程思佳，于涛方《中国国家祭祀及国家纪念地传统追溯初探》等

(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识，简析中国古代国家祭祀的原因及影响。
(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识，概括新中国成立以来国家级纪念日的特点及意义。

日本学者内藤湖南提出的“唐宋变革说”有着极其广泛的影响，引起许多学者的共鸣，也有学者对此提出质疑。阅读材料，完成下列要求。

材料一   唐和宋在文化的性质上有显著的差异，唐代是中世的结束，而宋代则是近世的开始，其间包含了唐末至五代一段过渡期。中国中世和近世的大转变出现在唐宋之际：第一，政治上的变化。唐宋政治上的变化主要是贵族政治的式微和君主独裁的出现。第二，经济上的变化。由于唐宋处在实物经济结束和货币经济开始交替之际，其间货币的形式和名称自然发生变化。第三，学术和文学的变化。宋词等文学形式，不再以包含典故的古语为主而变为以俗语自由地表现。文学曾经属于贵族，从此变成为庶民之物。

——摘编自［日］内藤湖南《概括的唐宋时代观》

材料二   唐宋时期，并非所有一切领域都发生了所谓“变”……实际上，唐宋之际有三个根本性的领域是延续和深化的：第一，从社会经济史领域着眼，在宗法一体化社会结构下，以租佃制为主的农业社会是延续和发展的，农民日出而作、日落而息的耕作方式、吃喝穿住等家庭日常生活，变化无多。第二，在政治体制方面，皇权至上的专制主义中央集权及其等级授职制总体上是走向深化的；政治系统内虽因科举大盛而产生了社会流动，但就官僚队伍的整体构成而言，由荫补入官者（官僚世袭）依然占据了整个官僚队伍的大多数，唐宋两朝并无质的区别。第三，在思想文化社会领域，独尊儒术的状况也不曾在根本上发生改变。

——刁培俊《“唐宋社会变革”假说的反思与区域视野下的“历史中国”》

根据材料并结合所学，任选一观点予以阐释。

已知定义域为的函数．当时，若是严格增函数，则称是一个“函数”．
(1)判断函数是否为函数；
(2)是否存在实数，使得函数是函数？若存在，求实数的取值范围；否则，证明你的结论；
(3)已知，其中，证明：若是上的严格增函数，则对任意，都是函数．

Every decision we make is arrived at through hugely complex neurological processing. Although it feels as though you have a choice, the action that you ‘decide’ to take is entirely directed by automatic neural activity. Brain imaging studies show that a person’s action can be predicted by their brain activity up to 10 seconds before they themselves become aware they are going to act. Multiple neuroscientific studies show that even those important decisions that feel worked out are just as automatic as knee-jerk reactions (膝跳反应) (although more complex).

Decision-making starts with the amygdala: a set of two almond-shaped nuclei (杏仁状核) buried deep within the brain, which generate emotion. The amygdala registers the information streaming in through our senses and responds to it in less than a second, sending signals throughout the brain. These produce an urge to run, fight, freeze or grab, according to how the amygdala values various stimuli.

Before we act on the amygdala’s signals, however, the information is usually processed by other brain areas, including some that produce conscious thoughts and emotions. Areas concerned with recognition work out what’s going on, those concerned with memory compare it with previous experiences, and those concerned with reasoning, judging and planning get to work on constructing various action plans. The best plan—if we are lucky—is then selected and carried out. If any of this process goes wrong, we are likely to hesitate, or do something silly.

The various stages of decision-making are marked by different types of brain activity. Fast (gamma)waves, with frequencies of 25 to 100 Hz, produce a keen awareness of the multiple factors that need to be taken into account to arrive at a decision. If you are trying to choose a sandwich, for instance, gamma waves generated in various cells within the ‘taste’ area of the brain bring to mind and compare the taste of ham, hummus, wholemeal, sourdough, and so on. Although it may seem useful to be aware of the full range of choice, too much information makes decision-making more difficult, so irrelevant factors get dismissed quickly and unconsciously.

After this comparison stage, the brain switches to slow-wave activity (12 to 30 Hz). This extinguishes most of the gamma activity, leaving just a single ‘hotspot’ of gamma waves which marks the chosen option.

Although there is no ‘you’ outside your brain to direct what it’s doing, you can help it to make good decisions by placing yourself in a situation which is likely to make the process run more smoothly. Doing something that is physically or mentally stimulating before making a decision will help your brain produce the initial gamma waves that generate awareness of the competing options. Getting over-excited, on the other hand, will prevent the switch to the slow brainwaves, making it much harder to single out a choice.

1．Why does the writer mention “knee-jerk reactions” in the first paragraph?

A．To introduce the finding of the latest brain imaging studies.

B．To illustrate that decisions are not consciously thought out.

C．To call attention to a kind of neural reaction that is not very complex.

D．To show the difference between decision-making and other brain activity.

2．What does the amygdala do according to the passage?

A．It works out conscious thoughts and emotions.

B．It selects the best action plan for a given situation.

C．It dismisses factors that are irrelevant to the decision to be made.

D．It processes sensory information and generates emotional responses.

3．What can be concluded from paragraphs 4 and 5?

A．Slow-wave activity usually lasts longer than fast-wave activity.

B．The brain prioritizes information before settling on a final choice.

C．Decision-making is difficult when slow-wave activity occurs first.

D．The brain needs as much information as possible to make a decision.

4．How does engaging in stimulating activities help the decision-making process?

A．By preparing the brain to single out the most reasonable choice.

B．By helping the brain switch to slow-wave activity more quickly.

C．By getting the brain to focus on those most relevant alternatives.

D．By making the brain more aware of the factors and choices involved.

It started with a bit of casual discomfort on the head, but after a week it had spread to the back of my neck, enough to lead me to my laptop. Annoying as it was, I was ________ to take up my doctor’s time with such a silly complaint and then have a wasted journey only to be informed that it would clear up by itself and that ________ would be of no use at all.

As soon as I’d tapped in ‘online self-diagnosis’, the search engine provided me with over 11.5 million results. And during the time normally spent in the clinic’s waiting room reading the Women’s Weekly, I was able to find a site that would provide a free ________ in the comfort of my chair, and with no need for an appointment,

I answered all the questions until I eventually reached a description exactly matching my ________. As I clicked on ‘More Information’, I was hit with what I’d never anticipated. The worst case scenario was complete hair loss. I couldn’t have been more ________.

I headed off to the doctor for what I thought would be a blood test but which turned out to be a valuable lesson in not ________ everything you read on the internet. It took him less than a minute to guess at and locate head lice (虱子). I was relieved to know that I would be ________ my hair, and horrified to know that it was being occupied.

I learnt my lesson, but for some the worry caused by ________ every ache has led to a new form of hypochondria (疑病症). Named ‘cyberchondria’ by the print media back in 2000, this particular condition has ________ greatly. Although most people’s main point of call is still the doctor’s surgery, it’s estimated that ________ worries are now the second most researched topic on the web. This is truly a serious concern when about 25%of the medical information online is thought to be ________.

Once upon a time, hypochondria required time and effort: you had to go to the library to research your diseases and ________ go through the books. Now it’s just a matter of a few clicks of a mouse. But while your doctor will make a diagnosis ________ your age, appearance and medical history, a search engine will rely simply on algorithms (算法). These come up with results graded according to popularity or numbers of key words. So the most highly ranked hits might actually be for very genuine disease, which are nonetheless extremely ________. One minute you think you’ve come down with the flu, the next you’re under attack from sub-tropical, flesh-eating bacteria. Time spent going to the doctor’s for ________ of mind suddenly seems fair enough.

1．

A．reluctant

B．surprised

C．able

D．sure

2．

A．knowledge

B．association

C．evidence

D．medication

3．

A．sample

B．assessment

C．subscription

D．upgrade

4．

A．standards

B．arguments

C．definitions

D．symptoms

5．

A．fortunate

B．touched

C．alarmed

D．different

6．

A．believing

B．explaining

C．questioning

D．covering

7．

A．keeping

B．losing

C．drying

D．washing

8．

A．taking off

B．putting on

C．breaking away

D．looking up

9．

A．dropped

B．differed

C．increased

D．helped

10．

A．safety

B．health

C．access

D．money

11．

A．available

B．accurate

C．misleading

D．complex

12．

A．occasionally

B．automatically

C．painstakingly

D．literally

13．

A．bringing to light

B．taking into consideration

C．putting into practice

D．setting on top

14．

A．rare

B．hard

C．large

D．simple

15．

A．state

B．change

C．freedom

D．peace

甲、乙两车在平直公路上沿同一方向行驶，甲车正在刹车，其v-t图像如图所示。在时刻，乙车在甲车前方x₀处，在0～t₁时间内甲车的位移为x，下列判断正确的是（　　）

A．若甲车的位移为时，两车第一次相遇，则第二次相遇时，甲车位移是

B．若甲车的位移，则甲、乙两车在t1时刻相遇

C．若甲、乙两车在时间内能够相遇，两车只能相遇一次

D．若甲、乙两车在时间内能够相遇，两车可以相遇两次

假如你是李华，在暑假期间的家宴或朋友聚会中，你发现很多人沉迷于智能手机，不与他人交流沟通。请你向英文报社的编辑写封信，反映该情况，要点包括：
1．你遇到的情况；
2．智能手机的利与弊；
3．你的看法和倡议。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Editor,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

已知函数.
(1)若曲线在处的切线经过坐标原点，求a的值
(2)若方程恰有2个不同的实数根，求a的取值范围.

已知函数，且恒成立．
(1)求实数的最大值；
(2)若函数有两个零点，求实数的取值范围．