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Do you feel like there are too many things to do in a day, but not enough time to do them? If so, you’re experiencing what researchers call time poverty.

1．. The standard reply to “How are you?” is often “I’m so busy!” Many people find it increasingly difficult to spare time to see friends, pursue a hobby, or take a vacation. Some people even take great pride in how busy they are because it’s become a status symbol. 2．. Fortunately, here are specific steps we can take to feel more time affluent (富足的) and more socially connected.

If you want a satisfying social life, buy time for it. You might pay to have a disliked housework done by others, get a direct flight instead of a cheaper one with a stopover, or pay extra to drive the fastest route home. 3．, like calling a friend or hanging out with your kids.

Another way to get more time is to give it away. In one study, researchers asked people to devote part of their Saturday morning to doing something for themselves that they weren’t already planning to do or doing something for someone else. The people who gave away their time later felt like they had more of it. 4．.

If you have too many things to do and not enough time to do them, try to cut back on some things. 5．. You can probably choose to slow down a little and make more time for casual chats with co-workers and unplanned get-togethers with friends.

A．Time poverty is a sign of the times

B．Helping others expands our sense of time

C．Buying time is a good way to free you from the boredom of repeated tasks

D．The choices we make with our time greatly affect our happiness and social lives

E．Then invest your free time in something socially engaging

F．You don’t have to keep up with the pace of the modern world

G．Yet, feeling short on time is associated with lower level of happiness and connection

Autonomously copying other people’s thoughts or options or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd (群体) behaviour”. Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. In an earlier article, I discussed the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which suggests that average judgments of large groups of people often outperform individual choices.

Psychology research has attempted to model herd behaviour and suggests that the phenomenon relies on the existence of social connections or patterns between individuals as well as specific mechanisms of passing on information. A key condition is the human ability to “mentalize”, which means being able to read and interpret someone else’s mental state and using the information to explain their options. This action of mentalizing is responsible for people’s tendency to attach meaning to options by the herd, even if many behaviours may have come about at random.

Herd behaviours, while common and easy to explain, hold significant dangers. Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgments of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behaviours typically rely on so-called “information cascades”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their options without critically evaluating the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the mirroring of unreasonable or stupid behaviours.

Blindly following the herd can be dangerous. So how can we resist the tendency of following the crowd? The sad news is that psychology research suggests that it’s surprisingly difficult to withstand the influences of the herd. In an experiment, researchers found that warning messages about the potential errors of the crowd were surprisingly ineffective in helping subjects make better choices. It appears there is no quick and easy fix. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards their peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behaviours as opposed to blindly following them.

1．Why does the author mention “wisdom of crowd” in Paragraph 1?

A．To introduce the definition of herd behaviour.

B．To contradict the judgments of large groups.

C．To attract readers to his previous discussion.

D．To justify the behaviour of following others.

2．What makes herd behaviour possible according to psychology research?

A．Heavy reliance on social activities.

B．Ineffective mechanism of information exchange.

C．Attaching meaning to crowd’s random choices.

D．Analyzing individuals’ mental state.

3．How does the author develop Paragraph 3?

A．By defining.	B．By quoting.
C．By making a comparison.	D．By giving an example.

4．What is probably the best policy if we want to resist herd behaviours?

A．Following your heart.	B．Thinking twice before action.
C．Working out a quick fix.	D．Taking peers’ opinion seriously.

Sleep is an ancient, universal experience. But it is only in the past half century or so that it has attracted the attention of dedicated researchers. A new book from Kenneth Miller sets out to record the field’s short but fascinating history.

The early pages of the book, before there is much in the way of established science to describe, are the weakest. A good deal of time is spent on biographical details and portraits of the world through which Nathaniel Kleitman, an influential scientist working on sleep, moved. But the story soon picks up. It roams (漫步) from the discovery of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep to the effects of sleep shortage.

One section even describes a modern quantitative research of circadian-rhythm — the biological clocks that govern human’s days — that took place in a purpose — built facility in a Bavarian village. The lab sported two apartments, with no window or clocks to clue their subjects into what was happening outside. Test subjects lived there for weeks, free to wake and sleep whenever they liked — but never free from the thermometers (体温计) that were attached to the wall by long electric lines.

There is a serious side, too. Shift work interferes with the body’s internal clocks and raises the risk of illness. Mr. Miller also explains the slow recognition of sleep apnoea, a common sleep disorder, and the damage it can cause.

Discoveries often lead to new questions in turn. That is why neat, tidy endings are hard to achieve in science books. Despite all the progress of the past 50 years, scientists are still unsure what sleep is for. The fact that it is so widespread suggests it is vital. But why evolution would see it fit to produce animals that must spend large amounts of their time unable to respond to threats is still a mystery researchers are trying to solve. For anyone curious about asking the right questions, however, Mr. Miller’s book is a good place to start.

1．What can readers expect to read at the start of the book?

A．The development of sleep research.

B．The discovery of rapid-eye-movement.

C．The influence of Kleitman’s research.

D．The account of Kleitman’s life experiences.

2．What do we know about the subjects in the experiment according to Paragraph 3?

A．They lived in a modern sports lab.

B．They could do whatever they liked.

C．They had to take their temperature every day.

D．They were cut off from the outside world.

3．What does the underlined phrase “interferes with” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Enhances.

B．Disturbs.

C．Generates.

D．Transforms.

4．The book is suitable for you if you want to know ________.

A．why evolution favors a good sleep

B．what threats sleep poses to animals

C．where sleep research is heading for

D．how scientists solve sleep disorders

As the underwater robot OceanOneK carefully navigated toward the upper deck railing of the sunken Italian steamship Le Francesco Crispi about 500 m below the Mediterranean’s surface this month, roboticist Oussama Khatib felt as though he himself were there.

OceanOneK looks like a human diver from the front, with eight multi-directional thrusters (推进器) that allow careful operation underwater. The robot’s touch-based feedback system and 3D vision produced incredibly realistic sensations that equaled what he would have experienced were he down below, rather than above onboard the control ship. Observing through OceanOneK robot’s eyes and feeling through its hands, Khatib perceived a new dimension of colorful life — pink and green and orange — layered on and around the ship. He felt the resistance of the water and could recognize the shapes of the historic relic around him.

The mission of OceanOneK to these depths had two purposes: to explore places no one has gone to before and to show that human touch, vision, and interactivity can be brought to the sites far-removed from where people can operate.

While OceanOneK had many noteworthy adventures and successes during two multi-stop trips around the Mediterranean, the accomplishment of the team and the ship’s crew was demonstrating functional autonomy at nearly 1,000 m down. It was this advance that earned OceanOne’s renaming to OceanOneK.

“This is the first time that a robot has been capable of going to such a depth, interacting with the environment, and permitting the human operator to feel that environment,” said Khatib. “It has been an incredible journey.”

“Distancing humans physically from dangerous and unreachable spaces while connecting their skills and experience to the task promises to fundamentally alter remote work,” said Khatib. “Robotic avatars (化身) will search for and acquire materials, build structures, and perform disaster prevention and recovery operations — be it deep in oceans and mines, at mountain tops, or in space.”

1．How does OceanOneK work?

A．By sending operators deep down the ocean.

B．By enhancing divers’ vision underwater.

C．By creating an at-the-scene experience.

D．By measuring the resistance of water.

2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．The origin of OceanOneK’s name.

B．The demonstration of the ship’s crew.

C．The noteworthy successes of the team.

D．The adventures around the Mediterranean.

3．What does Khatib talk about robotic avatars in the last paragraph?

A．Their promising future.	B．Their technical advances.
C．Their present applications.	D．Their scientific significance.

4．Which of the following might be a suitable title for the text?

A．OceanOneK: Taking on a New Dimension of Colorful Life

B．OceanOneK: Connecting Human Sensations to Deep Sea

C．Robotic Avatars: Saving Human from Disasters

D．Robotic Avatars: Altering Human Work Patterns

In 2024, the number of people fancying digital nomadism (游牧) has continued to rise. Here are the best places in the world for you to be a digital nomad.

San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua

San Juan del Sur in Nicaragua is a good destination when it comes to digital nomads in search of a place that integrates work and leisure. With connectivity and Internet speeds ideal for most remote tasks and a warm and sunny climate that starts in December, it’s a great choice for those who enjoy being outside. The town also offers a supportive community as well as plenty of co-working spaces and cafes.

Queenstown, New Zealand

As well as plenty of activities surrounded by stunning scenery, Queenstown offers high-speed Internet access and lots of co-working spaces. The weather in December is also perfect for exploring the landscapes via the likes of bungee jumping, hiking and even skiing. Plus, there’s a huge focus on local produce in Queenstown which makes the culinary (食物的) experience just as memorable.

Pokhara, Nepal

Pokhara, an engaging choice for those in search of peace and natural beauty, is cool and dry in December, which means it has the perfect condition for working outdoors and exploring the Himalayan landscapes. There’s a growing community of digital nomads too — thanks to reliable Internet connections and an affordable way of life.

Playa del Carmen, Mexico

This Mexican coastal resort is a favorite with holidaymakers and digital nomads for its beaches, culture and affordable lifestyle. There’s a prosperous community of digital nomads in Playa del Carmen, fostered by numerous networking events, co-working spaces, and social gatherings. There’s also a great Internet connection! December is dry in Mexico which makes it an ideal time for beach activities. Plus, the diverse and lively nightlife is likely to only add to Playa del Carmen’s appeal.

1．Which of the following might be preferred by adventure seekers?

A．San Juan del Sur.	B．Queenstown.
C．Pokhara.	D．Playa del Carmen.

2．What could distinguish Playa del Carmen from other resorts?

A．Various seaside activities.	B．Distinctive local food.
C．Breathtaking landscapes.	D．Numerous co-working spaces.

3．What do these four resorts have in common?

A．They suit remote workers well.

B．They enjoy warm climate in December.

C．They guarantee visitors colorful nightlife.

D．They provide strong community support.

为了营造一种“多读书，读好书”的良好氛围，你班将举行一次主题班会，要求以 “A good book can affect our life”为题，向同学们介绍自己读书的感悟。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

A good book can affect our life

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教育部要求，从今年秋季学期开始，全国的中小学校将开设“做饭”课程，引发社会强烈反响。请你为校英文报写一篇文章，发表一下你对此事的看法。内容包括：
1.你的看法；
2.理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

My Views on the Cooking Lesson

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你校英文报正在针对高中生开展以After-school Activities为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.状况描述;
2.简单评论;
3.你的建议。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。

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近日，你校英语报拟介绍学生参与社团的情况。请你结合图表信息，以 “Our School Clubs” 为题写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 参与社团的情况;
2. 你的看法。

注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Our School Clubs

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Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ____ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. (所给词的适当形式填空)