学进去

我们的家乡德州，历史悠久，人杰地灵，是山东省著名的文化古城，更是一座充满活力、宜居宜业的生态文明之城，有着众多的旅游景点和美食文化。作为一名中学生请你为德州代言，向来自世界各地的游客做推介。根据所给思维导图，完成写作任务。

写作要求：
1.包含思维导图中所有信息点，并做适当拓展 (如传统文化、交通方式、注意事项等)，使行文连贯；
2. 语篇完整，语句通顺，语法正确，书写规范；
3. 不得使用真实姓名和校名；
4. 80词左右。短文开头已经给出， 不计入总词数。

Welcome to my hometown—Dezhou

Hello, everyone! Welcome to my hometown—Dezhou. Let me introduce the beautiful city to you.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy but few know where to find happiness. Here is a story to help you.

Once a bird lived unhappily. So it traveled far away to look for its happiness.

It flew and flew. Suddenly it saw a spider climbing up a wall. The spider fell off the wall halfway. But it kept climbing again and fell off again. Even so, the spider didn’t give up. The little bird asked the spider in surprise. “Why don’t you have pain but happiness on your face though you fail again and again? Because I keep making my efforts. I’m happy.” said the spider.

Then the little bird saw it: happiness is a will in the heart.

The bird continued flying and saw a lame duck help a little duck who got lost to find the way back home. Although it was disabled, it had a smiling face. “I’m happy because I can help others.” said the lame duck.

So the bird saw it: happiness is a love in the heart.

The bird went on flying and suddenly saw a little dying flower, whose face was full of smile. The bird didn't know the reason. So it asked the little flower, “You’re going to die. Why are you still so happy?” “Because my dream will come true,” said the little flower. “What is your dream?” “To produce sweet fruit.”

The little bird saw it: happiness is a hope in the heart.

So the little bird no more looked for happiness because it had seen the truth: happiness is not in the faraway (遥远的) place but in your own heart. You are the maker of your own happiness.

1．Who never stopped trying although it failed again and again in this passage?

A．The bird.

B．The duck.

C．The flower.

D．The spider.

2．Why is the little dying flower still so happy?

A．Because it has a will in the heart.	B．Because it has a love in the heart.
C．Because it has a hope in the heart.	D．Because it has a story in the heart.

3．What can we know from the story?

A．The bird finally found happiness in its own heart.

B．The bird found happiness in the faraway place.

C．The bird didn’t know where happiness was at last.

D．The bird will still look for happiness in the future.

4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．We make happiness by ourselves.

B．Happiness is important for everyone.

C．People know how to find happiness.

D．Happiness is just in your own heart.

5．What is the best title of the passage?

A．Happiness Is Important	B．What Makes People Happy
C．The Truth of Life	D．An Unhappy Bird

根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在答题卡对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。

by   treasure   soon   move   blind   beauty   sad     die   hear   write

Last night I attended a concert of Chinese folk music. I was deeply 1． by the piece Erquan Yingyue, which was played on the erhu. The music was strangely beautiful. But under its 2．, I sensed a strong sadness and pain. The music was 3． by Abing who was a folk musician. His mother 4． when he was very young. Abing’s father taught him to play many instruments. 5． he was known for his musical ability. Later, he lost his father and became 6．. He had to perform on the streets to make money. Abing’s amazing musical skills won him great popularity during his lifetime. 7． the end of his life, he could play over 600 pieces of music. It is a pity that only six pieces of his music in total remained for the future world to 8．.

Today Erquan Yingyue has become one of China’s national 9． that was played and praised by many musicians. It not only reflects Abing’s 10． life but also makes people recall their deepest wounds from their own sad or painful experiences.

The natural world is colorful with humans, plants and animals showing different colors.

There can be many different colors in human skin and it changes with the sunshine, our feelings or our health. This is because of pigments (色素), which reflect light and make what the eye sees as colors. When we feel excited or angry, the heart can send more blood to the face and the pigments in the skin become red.

Plants also have pigments. Colors are important for them to live on. The bright colors of flowers catch the attention of insects, which then carry their pollen (花粉) from one flower to another. Bees can see colors we cannot see, and they follow them to the inside of flowers. Without bees visiting flowers in this way, many plants would die out.

Animals also use colors for their own needs. They protect themselves with different colors so as not to be seen by predators. The snowshoe hare, a kind of wild animal, changes colors with seasons for this reason. During summer it has a brown color, and in winter it is white so that it can hide in the snow. However, some animals use colors as a warning to make predators stay away. Bright colors such as yellow and red are often used in this way, Nature, however, is very clever, and predators also use colors to attract the animals they feed on.

So, we can see that there are many different reasons and uses for colors in the natural world. Some uses of colors in nature remain unknown, but one thing is for sure. Colors not only make our planet beautiful, but they are also necessary for our planet to live on.

根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。
1．Why does our skin become red when we feel angry?

A．We are in very good health.

B．Our hearts send more blood to our skin.

C．The pigments reflect more bright light.

2．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A．Why do flowers look beautiful.

B．Colors are important for plants to live on.

C．Why do insects like bright colors of flowers.

3．What does the underlined word “predators” most probably mean in Chinese?

A．凶猛的动物

B．温驯的动物

C．捕食性动物

4．What does the example of the snowshoe hare in Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?

A．It uses color to protect itself.

B．It has different colors.

C．It is very clever.

5．What’s the structure (结构) of the text?（P—Paragraph）

A． S

B．

C．

如图所示，足够高的薄壁圆柱形容器A、B置于水平面上，盛有质量相同的不同液体，两容器中液体的液面高度相同。现有两个物体C、D，其密度、体积的关系如表中所示。请选择其中一个，将其浸没在容器中后，可使液体对容器底部压强增加量最大，且容器对水平面压力增加量也最大。写出选择的容器和物体并说明理由。

物体	密度	体积
C	3ρ	2V
D	2ρ	3V

为了研究柱形容器中水对容器底部的压力增加量、容器对桌面的压力增加量与哪些因素有关，某小组同学选用六个物体进行实验。他们将物体分别放入盛有等质量水的相同容器中，待物体静止后，将实验数据及现象记录在下表中。

序号	1	2	3	4	5	6
实验现象
物块重力G（N）	2.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	8.0	8.0
物块体积V（m3）
（N）	1.0	1.0	2.0	3.0	3.5	3.5
（N）	2.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	7.5	6.5

(1)分析实验序号1~4数据中与物块重力G的关系，可得出的初步结论：将物块浸没在装有水的容器中， ______ ；
(2)分析实验序号2~4数据中与物块体积V的数据及现象，可得出的初步结论：将物块浸没在装有水的容器中， ______ ；
(3)小红认为：物块浸没在装有水的容器中，若水溢出，水对容器底部的压强会变小，根据表格中的实验数据及现象，你认为小红的观点是 ______ （选填“正确”或“错误”）；
(4)若将重为6N、体积为的物块浸没在上述装有水的容器中静止后，则 为 ______ N，为 ______ N

如图所示，均匀正方体甲、乙置于水平地面上，它们对水平地面的压强相等，若在两个正方体的上部，沿水平方向分别截去相同高度，则关于甲、乙的密度ρ_甲、ρ_乙和对地面压力变化量的判断，正确的是（ ）

A．ρ甲＞ρ乙，△F甲＜△F乙	B．ρ甲＞ρ乙，△F甲＞△F乙
C．ρ甲＜ρ乙，△F甲＜△F乙	D．ρ甲＜ρ乙，△F甲＞△F乙

两个相同的柱形容器置于水平地面，容器中分别盛有相等体积的不同液体甲、乙。取两块相同的橡皮泥，将一块橡皮泥撑开成碗状放入甲液体中，将另一块捏成球形状放入乙液体中，橡皮泥静止后如图2所示。以下判断正确的是

A．液体的密度ρ甲>ρ乙

B．液体对容器底部的压强p甲<p乙

C．橡皮泥受到的浮力F甲<F乙

D．容器对地面的压强p地甲>p地乙

（1）有一个阻值未知的定值电阻，小兰用伏安法测量其阻值，过程如下。

①请你用笔画线代替导线，将图甲中电路连接完整。要求滑动变阻器滑片向右移动，电流表示数变大；(         )
②闭合开关S前，应将滑动变阻器滑片P移到最__________端（选填“左”或“右”）；
③再闭合开关，小兰发现移动滑动变阻器滑片P 的过程中，电压表有示数且几乎不变，电流表没有示数，则电路中存在的故障可能是：两个接线柱___________（选填“a与b”或“c与d”）间发生了断路；
④解决故障后，通过调节滑动变阻器滑片 P的位置，进行多次实验，得到实验数据如表，其中有一组数据是错误的。请你根据实验数据在乙图中画出电阻的I-U图像；(         )

实验次数	电压U/V	电流I/A
1	1.1	0.22
2	1.5	0.30
3	1.9	0.28
4	2.3	0.45
5	2.5	0.50

⑤所测电阻的阻值为___________Ω；
（2）小明测量另外一个小灯泡正常发光时的电阻，已知小灯泡正常的电压为U_L的，发现电流表已经损坏，于是他又找来了两个开关和一个定值电阻 R₀，设计了如图丙所示的实验电路，已知电源电压恒为 U，实验步骤如下：
①闭合开关S、S₂，断开S₁，调节滑动变阻器滑片P，使电压表示数为___________；
②___________，保持滑动变阻器滑片P 的位置不变，记录此时电压表的示数为 U₀；
③正常发光时小灯泡的灯丝电阻为___________。（选用U、U_L、U₀、R₀来表示）。

小明利用如图所示的装置探究杠杆平衡条件。
   
（1）为排除杠杆自重对实验的影响，实验前把杠杆中心支在支架上，杠杆静止在图甲位置，此时杠杆______（选填“平衡”或“不平衡”），为了使杠杆在水平位置达到平衡，应将杠杆右端的螺母向______调节（选填“左”或“右”）；
（2）实验时，小明在杠杆左侧A位置（左边位置第四格）先挂了3个钩码，如图乙所示。则在右侧B位置（右边位置第三格）应挂______个相同规格的钩码，杠杆可以重新在水平位置平衡。实验中多次改变钩码的位置和个数，重复实验，得到三组数据进行分析，这样做的目的是：______；
（3）如图丙所示，小明在A位置挂一个弹簧测力计，在B位置挂了2个钩码。现将弹簧测力计从C位置移到D位置，在此过程中杠杆始终在水平位置保持平衡，则弹簧测力计示数______（选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”）；
（4）某同学在综合实践活动中自制了测量液体密度的杠杆密度计，可以从杠杆上的刻度直接读出液体密度的数值，受到了老师的肯定和表扬，结构如图丁所示。所用器材：轻质杠杆（自身重力忽略不计）、两种规格的空桶（100mL和200mL）、质量为m的物体A、细线。设计过程如下：
   
①将杠杆在O点悬挂起来，空桶悬挂在B点，质量为m的物体A悬挂在C点时，杠杆水平平衡。测出B点到O点的距离为，C点到O点的距离为；
②在B点的空桶内注满待测液体，空桶容积为V，移动物体A至点，使杠杆在水平位置平衡。点到O点的距离为，点表示的液体密度值为______（用题中所给字母表示）；
③要使制作的杠杆密度计测量精度更高一些，应选择______规格的空桶（选填“100mL”或“200mL”）。