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When we think of communication, we usually think not of touch but of speech. This is because language itself happens primarily over the auditory (听力的，听觉的) channel. Since sound travels more than four times faster in water (1,480 meters per second) than in air (343 meters per second), it’s no surprise that a huge number of animals in the ocean also use sound as an efficient means of communication. The low-frequency sounds produced by larger whales can travel tens of thousands of miles underwater. Many species (物种) of fish use sound for communication.

The ocean is full of animals using the auditory channel for communication, but this may be changing. Because of human-made noise, the ocean sounds very different than it did millions of years ago. In our searching for both understanding and having communication with ocean species, we have become our own worst enemy. Ship noise and wind farms, all these activities are creating the loud and unpleasant sound in the ocean. Too much noise makes it difficult for fish to avoid enemies or for whales to hear those low-frequency calls as they now must compete with the noise of shipping traffic.

Jason Bruck and other researchers have focused their attention on the dolphins communication and the problem of ocean noise. They are looking at how even seemingly minimal (极小的) amounts of background noise might make it difficult not only for dolphins to communicate with each other but also to pay long enough attention to learning new skills.

Paige Stevens is studying the ways in which noise affects dolphins to learn living abilities. Just as we see in humans, background noise may make it difficult for dolphins to focus on the task at hand. Stevens’ research could show that it’s getting so loud in the ocean that dolphins might be losing their abilities to think clearly enough to live a normal life.

Humans feel a strong pull to communicate with ocean animals. And we have enough in common with most species in terms of (就……而言) shared communication channels to make this possible, even if it’s just a soft touch. It’s good to want to have communication with our favorite ocean species, but unless we find a way to turn down the volume, we won’t ever hear what they might want to tell us.

1．What do you know about the sound?

A．Sound travels faster in air than in water.

B．There is little loud sound in the deep ocean.

C．Some ocean animals use sound to communicate.

D．Human-made noise is good for some of the ocean animals.

2．Paige Stevens probably agrees that __________.

A．animals like using language to communicate

B．people make some ocean noise to study the animals

C．people should stop communicating with ocean species

D．the background noise can keep dolphins from living normally

3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Living in the Ocean	B．From the Ocean to the Land
C．Animal Communication	D．Communication in the Deep

4．What is the writer’s main purpose of writing this passage?

A．To tell us some ways to talk to animals.

B．To call on people to reduce noise in the ocean.

C．To introduce the communication way between human and ocean species.

D．To encourage people to do more researches on communication in the ocean.

On Sept 5, China’s 13th scientific expedition(科学考察) to the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋) reached the North Pole region(北极点区域). You may want to know: What’s the difference between doing research(研究) in the Arctic(北极) and Antarctica(南极)?

Research in the Arctic is difficult but it is easy in Antarctica. Antarctica is mainly land. So scientists can set up research stations(站点) on the land. However, the Arctic is mainly an ocean(海洋). Scientists can only set up drifing(流动的) stations or stations on boats in the Arctic.

There are also other differences between the two poles.

The Arctic is at the north end of Earth. Canada, Norway, Russia and five other countries have land there. Antarctica is at the south end of Earth. There are no countries there. People from all countries and regions can go there.

Antarctica is very cold. The winds at the South Pole are very strong. They blow away(吹走) the winds from warm places. But winds at the North Pole are not that strong. They mix(混合) with air from warm places.

1．What do we know from Paragraph 1?

A．September is the best time to go to the Arctic.

B．China did 12 scientific expeditions to the Arctic Ocean before Sept 5.

C．Thirteen Chinese scientists are in the Arctic.

D．The scientists are studying the difference between the Arctic and Antarctica.

2．Why is it difficult to do studies in the Arctic?

A．Because it is mainly land.

B．Because there are many research stations.

C．Because there are many boats in the Arctic.

D．Because scientists have to use boats as research stations.

3．Which of the following is TRUE about Canada?
a. Part of it is in the Arctic
b. It is at the south end of Earth.
c. People there can go to Antarctica.
d. It has land in Antarctica

A．ab

B．ac

C．bc

D．bd

4．Why is the Arctic not very cold?

A．Because there is air from warm places.

B．Because there is more water.

C．Because the winds there are strong.

D．Because it is south of Antarctica.

5．What is the passage mainly about?

A．Chinese scientists’ studies of the Arctic.

B．Research stations in the Arctic and Antarctica.

C．Differences between the Arctic and Antarctica.

D．The weather in the Arctic and Antarctica.

What did Mr. Such’s trousers turn into at last?

A．A pair of old dishcloths.

B．A pair of new trousers.

C．An oily rag.

D．A pair of old socks.

Young people enjoy different kinds of drinks, though they know how bad drinks are for their health. What about you? What will happen to you if water takes the place of all drinks?

Chris Bailey, a popular blogger, tried this out. Here is what he has found.

First, you lose weight (体重) faster. Yeah, you do! You don’t have to exercise but just keep away from drinks for 9 days. It is the same as running for 8 kilometers a day! So write down your resolution (决心) on a piece of paper and put it on the wall. And you will see the result soon.

Sometimes when you have to stay up late for a test, a cup of tea or coffee is usually by your side on the desk. But do you know 75 to 85 percent of your brain (大脑) is water? Nothing else! Just by drinking water, your brain can work efficiently. You may remember things quickly and well.

What’s more, water washes out something bad in your body. So drinking enough water can stop you from getting a cold soon. If you want to look young and beautiful, drink a glass of water right now! Keep on doing it for longer, and you will be surprised at your soft and clean skin (皮肤).

Lastly, you save money! How much money do you spend on coffee and juice every week? The price (价格) of water is much lower than that of other drinks. Drink 5 glasses of water every day, or spend money visiting doctors. Think about it!

So, what are you waiting for?

1．Why is Chris Bailey mentioned (提及)?

A．To show he is popular.	B．To check his first try.
C．To talk about his health problems.	D．To take his findings as an example.

2．What does “It” refer to (指代) in Paragraph 3?

A．Losing weight.	B．Keeping away from drinks for 9 days.
C．Running for 8 kilometers a day.	D．Writing down your resolution on a piece of paper.

3．If you want to look young and beautiful, what can you do?

A．Do more exercise.	B．Drink water.
C．Care for your skin.	D．Dress correctly.

4．What can we learn from the text?

A．65 to 75 percent of the brain is water.

B．Keeping on drinking water makes hair soft and clean.

C．Staying away from drinks for 9 days helps lose weight.

D．The money spent on coffee is less than that in visiting doctors.

5．What’s the structure of the text?

A．①/②③④⑤/⑥⑦	B．①/②③④/⑤⑥/⑦
C．①②/③④⑤/⑥⑦	D．①/②/③④⑤⑥/⑦

In many people’s minds, it is bad to fail (失败). When they do, others will look down on (轻视) them. 1． However, failures don’t have to make us losers (失败者). All of us may fail sometimes. So, don’t feel bad about yourself because of your failures. 2． If so, you will get better and grow.

Many famous people had failures before they became successful. Also, they aren’t afraid to share them with others. 3． It is the International Day for Failure.

The International Day for Failure is on October 13. Some students in Finland started it. The students found that Finland needed a lot of new jobs, but few people wanted to give them a try. 4． Then the students came up with the idea—starting the Day for Failure.

In 2010, some students in Finland celebrated the first Day for Failure. The next year, many famous people in Finland joined the students and shared their failure stories. 5． About 17 countries celebrated it. Now people around the world celebrate it every October.

So, this October 13th, join them and celebrate your failure with the world.

It is everyone’s responsibility to make sure that young people grow into healthy adults.

A．In the third year, the day became more popular.

B．What you should do is to learn from them.

C．In fact, there is now a special day for that.

D．Because of that, they are afraid to try new things.

E．The reason (原因) was that they were afraid to fail.

What are fossils?
Fossils are the remains of plants or animals. For such remains to be considered fossils, scientists have decided they have to be over 10,000 years old. The word fossil comes from the Latin word “fossilis”, which means, “dig up”.  Fossils can be divided into “body fossils” and “trace(痕迹) fossils”. Body fossils are the remains of a plant or animal’s body. Trace fossils are the remains of the activity of an animal, such as footprints, egg shells, and nests.
How are fossils formed?
Some animals were quickly covered after their death by sediment(沉淀物) like earth, mud or sand. Over time, the parts of the animals that didn’t rot (usually the harder parts like bones and teeth) were covered in the newly formed sediment. Then, a lot of chemical changes happened to the animals bodies. Water with minerals(矿物质) went into the bone and took the place of the chemicals in the bone with rock-like minerals. In the end we get a heavy, rock-like copy of the original object - a fossil. There weren’t any changes in size and shape when an object changed into a fossil, but the fossil of a bone doesn’t have any bone in it! It is chemically more like a rock! According to scientists, fossils have been found on every continent(大陆) on Earth.
1．Trace fossils can’t be formed from the ______ of some kind of animals.

A．footprints

B．nests

C．eggs

D．bodies

2．______ brings the rock-like minerals into the bone.

A．Sunlight

B．Earth

C．Water

D．Air

3．According to the last paragraph, the fossil is as ______ as the original object.

A．heavy

B．big

C．old

D．clean

4．We can know that ______ from the passage.

A．scientists think that the fossils may have a history of 100 centuries.

B．people haven’t found any fossil on the continent of Africa.

C．we can find some real bones in the fossils of a bone.

D．there are many kinds of sediment in the fossils.

5．This passage most probably comes from ______.

A．an advertisement

B．a medical magazine

C．a science book

D．a notice

下面文章中有五处需要添加首句。请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合各段意思的首句。选项中有一项是多余选项。

How Can You Create Luck in Everyday Life?

You can probably agree that some people have more good things happening to them. Let’s just call that luck. Now would you like to learn how to be one of these lucky people? Here are 5 top tips for creating your own luck.

1．

It is easy to believe that you never have any luck in everyday life if you don’t seem to be getting any breaks. But having had a difficult life gives you unusual lessons and develops courage.

2．

Some people are already lucky and they just don’t know it. Instead of giving all your attention to what you are short of, look at how lucky you already are. You no doubt have some wonderful friends, family and a roof over your head.

3．

Luck doesn’t just happen upon us—it comes to us when we’re open. Learning a new skill, visiting a new place and trying a new hobby are all great ways of creating your chances.

4．

You’ll never create any luck if you sit there waiting for it to fall into your lap. Take steps towards your goals and dreams and greet every challenge. You will find you create more luck in everyday life.

5．

Sometimes people would be prepared to help us out. If you need a hand with dealing with something rather than wait for someone to offer you a lucky break, go and ask them if they will help you out.

A．Try Something New

B．Take Action Right Now

C．Ask for Help If Necessary

D．Feel Lucky about What You Have

E．See the Good in the Past

F．Be Confident at Any Time

听下面一段独白，回答四个小题。
1．Why is the speaker feeling sad?

A．Because it’s her first day at Brenton Hospital.

B．Because it’s her birthday and she’s at hospital.

C．Because her bicycle was broken down a hill.

2．How did the speaker end up in the hospital?

A．She fell off her bike.

B．She was hit by a car.

C．She had a heart problem.

3．What did the woman do to the speaker?

A．She asked the doctors for help.

B．She took the speaker to the hospital.

C．She called the speaker’s family.

4．What do the doctors think the speaker needs?

A．A support for her leg.

B．Some medicine.

C．An operation.

为了有效减轻义务教育阶段学生过重作业负担和校外培训负担，国家出台了“双减”政策(“double reduction” policy)。请根据以下提示，谈谈政策实施后，同学们该如何规划自己的学习和课余时间。

提示：
1. What should we do in class?
2. How will we finish our homework?
3. How should we make good use of our free time?
注意：
1.短文须包含所有要点，可适当发挥；
2.文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名；
3.词数80左右。
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Which sign did they see?

A．

B．

C．