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Rates of anti-dining syndrome in newborns surged in recent years, but a newer approach to caring for newborn babies exposed to drugs during pregnancy gets them out of the hospital sooner and with less medication. Newborns in drug withdrawal may experience upset stomach, miserable crying and extreme discomfort. Researchers looked at the impacts of the ESC (Eat, Sleep, Console care) approach on 1,300 infants at 26 US hospitals, and compared them with the current standard for caring for infants exposed to drugs.

ESC encourages involvement from parents, and prioritizes care that doesn’t involve medication, breastfeeding, for example. The usual approach involves a nurse measuring a baby’s withdrawal symptoms before providing treatment.

Compared to usual care, use of the ESC approach substantially decreased time until those infants were medically ready for discharge, without increasing specified harmful outcomes.

The infants assessed with the ESC method were discharged after eight days on average, compared with almost 15 days for the infants who were cared for by the standard approach. Additionally, infants in the ESC care group were 63% less likely to receive drug medication — 19.5% received medication compared with 52% in the group receiving usual care.

The current approach to usual care is a very comprehensive and nurse-led way of assessing the infant, whereas the ESC approach involves the mom in the way that you assess the infant, and allows the mom to try her best to comfort the infants and see if the infant is able to be consoled or is able to eat or is able to sleep.

“So, in that way, it’s a little bit more functional, like looking at the abilities of the infants versus how severely the infant is affected. Assessment results determine whether a baby should receive medication to control withdrawal symptoms,’’ said Baker, the director of the NIH HEAL Initiative, which provides funds to researchers studying ways to relieve the country’s drug health crisis.

1．Which of the followings can’t be listed as the difference between the current and ESC approach?

A．The method in removing the drug withdrawal syndrome.

B．The time when the newborns are discharged form treatment.

C．The contribution the mom made in assessing how the syndrome progressed.

D．The tough time the infants experienced in discharging the sufferings.

2．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph One refer to?

A．Impacts of ESC approach on the infants.	B．Infants with drug withdrawal syndrome.
C．Hospitals caring for those infants.	D．Researchers who conducted the study.

3．What does the author tend to focus on in caring the newborns with anti-dining syndrome?

A．Figuring out how the infants can recover themselves.

B．Looking at what is affecting the infants severely.

C．The pace in which hospitals are implementing the care approach.

D．The rules nurses and moms are playing in dealing with the emergency.

4．How does the author show his support to the ESC approach?

A．Parents should be convinced of the effective approach.

B．All infants with the infectious syndrome will recover with its help.

C．Maybe fewer of the severe infants should receive medication-based treatment.

D．The current standard should be more comprehensive in practical treatment.