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In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1． (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2． work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,3． (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over4． top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines 5． (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been6． (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7．every day.

Later, engineers 8． (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 9． (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 10． (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.