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中庸之为德也，其至矣乎! —《论语》 The virtue of the golden mean is a perfect state of equilibrium! —The Analects of Confucius （Translated by Zhao Yanchun）

Confucius (孔子) is a master of thinking. He came up with many great ideas. But what’s the most well-known and influential (有影响力的) one? That may be the idea of the golden mean (中庸). Have you heard of it? Do you know its real meaning?

Zhongyong, the golden mean or the doctrine of the mean, is an interesting topic. In Confucianism (儒家思想), it is seen as a primary virtue (最重要的品德). Confucius speaks highly of it. However, it is easily misunderstood. People often think it means not working hard or pursuing perfection (追求完美).

But the key point of the golden mean is to stay moderate (适中的), neither too little nor too much. The character “zhong” means to be moderate in one’s words and behaviors. “Yong” has two meanings—being common and unchanging.

This way of thinking is useful in our daily life. When we write a story, we shouldn’t use too many fancy (华丽的) words. But it doesn’t mean we can’t use any beautiful language in the story. While exercising, we can’t do too much every time or we might get hurt. But it doesn’t mean we should never exercise. The key is to walk a fine line.

The golden mean is always being embraced (推崇) by our nation. President Xi Jinping said we should respect cultural diversity (多样性). We should be confident but not too arrogant (自负的) in cultural exchanges.

1．Which school of thought (思想流派) does the golden mean belong to?
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2．The key point of the golden mean is __________________________.
3．What example does the writer give to explain the golden mean in daily life? (1 example is OK.)
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4．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
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5．How can we follow the golden mean in cultural exchanges?
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